Have you ever wondered why some people seem to be born to run, while others excel at weight lifting? The answer may be hidden in your DNA. In recent years, scientific research has made significant progress in understanding how genes influence our predisposition to certain physical activities.

The Role of Genes in Sports Performance

Genetics plays a major role in determining our athletic abilities. Several studies have identified genes associated with traits such as:

• Muscle Fiber: The type of muscle fiber (slow or fast) affects your ability to stamina or strength.
• Energy metabolism: The ability to utilize different energy substrates (carbohydrates, fats) during exercise is partly determined by genes.
• Training Adaptation: Certain genes influence the ability to respond to training and improve performance.

For example, the ACTN3 gene, known as the "speed gene," codes for a protein found in fast-twitch muscle fibers. People with a specific variant of this gene tend to have a higher percentage of fast-twitch fibers and excel at sports that require explosiveness and power, such as long jumping or weight lifting.

Predisposition for aerobic or power activity

Depending on our genetics, we may be more predisposed towards aerobic activities (such as long-distance running) or power activities (such as weight lifting).

• Aerobic activity: Those with a higher percentage of slow muscle fibers and an efficient aerobic metabolism have an advantage in endurance sports.
• Power Activities: Those with a higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers and a high ability to produce force in a short time excel in power sports.

It is important to note that genetics are not everything. Environment, training and other factors greatly influence our performance. Even those who are genetically predisposed for a particular sport must train hard to achieve excellence.

Genetic testing for sports: a help to personalize training

Genetic tests are available that analyze specific genetic markers associated with athletic performance. These tests can provide useful information for:

• Choosing the most suitable sport: Identify the physical activities in which you can achieve the best results.
• Personalize your training: Adapt your training program to your genetic characteristics.
• Prevent injuries: Identify any predispositions to specific injuries.